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Everyday Cryptography

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Introduction

About This Course Course Structure

Basic Principles

Why Information Security?Perspectives and Security Infrastructure Security Risks Security Services Relationships between Security Services Fundamentals of Cryptosystems Basic Model of a Cryptosystem Components of Cryptography Cryptosystem Security Assumptions Advantages and Usage of Publicly Known Encryption Algorithms Breaking Cryptosystems Cryptosystems and Encryption Algorithms Exhaustive Key Searches Classes of Attack Recap of Basic Principles

Historical Cryptosystems

Ceasar Cipher Simple Substitution Cipher Frequency Analysis Frequency Analysis—Theory vs Practice Playfair Cipher Homophonic Encoding Vigenère Cipher Recap of Historical Cryptography

Theoretical versus Practical Security

Theoretical Security One-Time Pads One-Time Pad Examples Vernam Cipher Practical Security Computational Complexity Design Process of a Cryptosystem Evaluating Security Recap of Theoretical versus Practical Security

Symmetric Encryption

Classification of Symmetric Encryption Algorithms Stream Ciphers Block Ciphers The Data Encryption Standard Exploring the History of DES Triple DES The Advanced Encryption Standard Modes of Operation: ECB Mode Modes of Operation: CBC Mode Modes of Operation: CFB Mode Modes of Operation: CTR Mode Comparing Modes of Operation Use of Symmetric Encryption Recap of Symmetric Encryption

Public-Key Encryption

Public-Key Cryptography

Some Mathematical Preliminaries

One-Way Functions for Public-Key Cryptography

RSA Key Pair Generation

RSA Encryption and Decryption

Security of RSA

RSA in Practice

ElGamal—Encryption and Decryption

ElGamal—Security and Practice

Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Comparison of RSA, ElGamal, and ECC

Use of Public-Key Encryption

Recap of Public-Key Encryption

Data Integrity

Different Levels of Data Integrity Hash Functions Applications of Hash Functions Attacking Hash Functions in Theory Hash Functions in Practice SHA-3 Message Authentication Codes CBC-MAC HMAC Using MACs with Encryption Recap of Data Integrity

Digital Signature Schemes

Digital Signatures Non-Repudiation Using Symmetric Techniques Digital Signature Schemes based on RSA RSA Digital Signature Scheme with Appendix RSA Digital Signature Scheme with Message Recovery Digital Signature Schemes in Practice Relationship with Handwritten Signatures Relationship with Advanced Electronic Signatures Recap of Digital Signature Scheme

Entity Authentication

Random Number Generation Providing Freshness Fundamentals of Entity Authentication General Categories of Identification Information Passwords Dynamic Password Schemes Zero-Knowledge Mechanisms Recap of Entity Authentication

Cryptographic Protocols

Protocol Basics From Objectives to a Protocol Analyzing a Simple Protocol Protocol 1 Protocol 2 Protocol 3 Protocol 4 Protocol 5 Protocol 6 Protocol 7 Authentication and Key Establishment Protocols Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Protocol Man-in-the-middle Attack on the Diffie-Hellman Protocol AKE Protocols Based on Diffie-Hellman An AKE Protocol Based on Key Distribution Recap of Cryptographic Protocols

Key Management

Key Management Fundamentals Requirements of Key Management Key Lengths and Lifetimes Key Generation Key Establishment Unique Key per Transaction Schemes Quantum Key Establishment Key Storage in Software Key Storage in Hardware Key Storage Risk Factor Key Usage Issue—Key Separation Key Usage Mechanism—Key Change Key Usage Mechanisms—Key Activation and Destruction Governing Key Management Recap of Key Management

Public-Key Management

Certification of Public Keys Public-Key Certificates The Certificate Lifecycle Certificate Creation Key Pair Change Public-Key Management Models Joining CA Domains Alternative Approaches—Webs of Trust Alternative Approaches—Identity-Based Encryption Recap of Public-Key Management

Cryptographic Applications

Cryptography for Securing the Internet TLS 1.2 and Earlier Versions TLS 1.3 TLS - Key Management TLS—Security Issues and Design Cryptography for Wireless Local Area Networks WEP Attacks on WEP WPA and WPA2 WLAN - Security Issues and Design Cryptography for Mobile Telecommunications Cryptography used in GSM UMTS LTE Mobile Telecommunications—Key Management, Security, and Design Cryptography for Secure Payment Card Transactions EMV cards Usage of EMV Cards Payment Card—Key Management, Security, and Design Cryptography for Video Broadcasting Video Broadcasting—Key Management, Security, and Design Cryptography for Identity Cards eID—Key Management, Security, and Design Cryptography for Anonymity Tor Key Establishment Tor—Key Management, Security,and Design Cryptography for Digital Currency Bitcoin Blockchain Bitcoin Mining Bitcoin—Security Issues and Design Recap of Cryptographic Applications

Cryptography for Personal Devices

File Protection Email Security Messaging Security Platform Security Recap of Cryptography for Personal Devices

Control of Cryptography

The Cryptography Dilemma Backdoors in Algorithms Legal Mechanisms Control of Cryptography in an Age of Complexity Strategies for Controlling Ubiquitous Cryptography Recap of Control of Cryptography

Mathematics Appendix

Decimal Binary Hex and ASCII Modular Arithmetic The Mathematics of RSA The Mathematics of ElGamal

Closing Remarks

Recapping the Course Copyright Information

ElGamal—Security and Practice

Learn about the security and practical aspects of ElGamal.

We'll cover the following

Security of ElGamal
ElGamal in practice

Security of ElGamal

Just as we did for RSA, we will consider two different approaches that could be taken to break ElGamal.

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