cpp17.tar.gz

C++17

C++20

Templates are one of the many powerful features of Modern C++ programming. And with each new C++ standard, they become more important. 

Templates provide an efficient way to make your code more flexible and reusable, this way you can avoid repeating code that would otherwise be identical except for different types. Templates also give you the ability to provide abstraction without a performance penalty.

However, templates can be difficult to apply, can be counterintuitive, and have tricky error messages.

This course gives you the necessary information to overcome these hurdles and dive into the advanced topics. You’ll visit the basics such as function and class templates, and then explore the details to templates such as instantiation and fold expressions. Our journey also includes techniques based on templates, the design, and future directions of templates such as concepts. Based on this exhaustive tour of templates, a basic understanding of C++ is sufficient to master this course.

Let’s get started!

Generic Programming Templates in C++

## Specialization

Template specialization addresses the need to have different code for different template argument types. Templates define the behavior of families of classes and functions.
* Often it is necessary that special types, non-types, or templates as arguments are treated as special.
* You can fully specialize templates; class templates can even be partially specialized.
* The methods and attributes of specialization don’t have to be identical.
* General or Primary templates can coexist with partially or fully specialized templates.

>The compiler prefers fully specialized to partially specialized templates and partially specialized templates to primary templates.
   
## Primary Template
The primary template has to be declared before the partially or fully specialized templates.
> If the primary template is not needed, just a declaration will suffice.
```c++
template <typename T, int Line, int Column> class Matrix;

template <typename T>
class Matrix<T, 3, 3>{};

template <>class Matrix<int, 3, 3>{};
```

## Partial Specialization
The partial specialization of a template is only supported for class templates and it has template arguments and template parameters.



# Specialization

Template specialization addresses the need to have different code for different template argument types. Templates define the behavior of families of classes and functions.
* Often it is necessary that special types, non-types, or templates as arguments are treated as special.
* You can fully specialize templates; class templates can even be partially specialized.
* The methods and attributes of specialization don’t have to be identical.
* General or Primary templates can coexist with partially or fully specialized templates.

>The compiler prefers fully specialized to partially specialized templates and partially specialized templates to primary templates.
   
# Primary Template
The primary template has to be declared before the partially or fully specialized templates.
> If the primary template is not needed, just a declaration will suffice.
```c++
template <typename T, int Line, int Column> class Matrix;

template <typename T>
class Matrix<T, 3, 3>{};

template <>class Matrix<int, 3, 3>{};
```

# Partial Specialization
The partial specialization of a template is only supported for class templates and it has template arguments and template parameters.



Let's learn about template specialization in this lesson.

Introduction

Basics

Details

Techniques

Design

Future

Conclusion

Specialization

Specialization

Primary Template

Partial Specialization