Types of Locks: std::lock_guard

Locks take care of their resource following the RAII idiom. A lock automatically binds its mutex in the constructor and releases it in the destructor; this considerably reduces the risk of a deadlock because the runtime takes care of the mutex.

Locks are available in three different flavors: std::lock_guard for the simple use-cases; std::unique-lock for the advanced use-cases; std::shared_lock is available (with C++14) and can be used to implement reader-writer locks.

First, the simple use-case: